Foster begins with saying if your read enough and give what you read enough thought, you will began to see patterns emerge. Nothing in literature is sully original there will always be piece of a writing taken from another. It may be plot lines ,twists or even the way the character grow together. In O'Brien's novel which borrowed context that fits perfectly with the actual story about the war experience. It also helped determine the plot line and how the journey would progress. Readers can use bits and pieces of childhood knowledge or even past readings to help understanding. Many will use prior text purposefully, or phrases like "the only way to get out is to fall back up", this is used in referencing Alice in Wonderland, those who know the story's can see the phrases being pulled into another's context and get the true meaning. Foster uses many examples show the reader that its all in the perception of text. A known example is Sarkin's novel about a journey with a Vietnamese girl leading troops through tunnels and to safety during the Vietnamese War. A dark skinned women leading white men, sounds like Lewis and Clark's journey because it is the author took a piece of the journeys and revise it to work for his writing. If you need a Sacajawea type guide you know you're already really lost. Any new work is created and is set among monuments of already written literature. As a reader gains experience recognizing familiar components will become easier. With that intertexual dialogue deepens the reading experience and shows multiple layers of hidden meanings.
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